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A microammeter, also known as a microampere meter, is an instrument used to measure electric current in microamperes (μA), which is one millionth of an ampere. It is a sensitive analog instrument commonly found in electronics laboratories and workshops.

The microammeter operates based on the principle of the galvanometer, which is a device that detects and measures small electric currents. It consists of a coil of wire suspended within a magnetic field. When a current flows through the coil, it experiences a torque due to the interaction with the magnetic field. This torque causes the coil to rotate, and the deflection of the coil is proportional to the current passing through it.

To convert the deflection of the coil into a readable value, a calibrated scale is placed behind it. The scale is marked with units of microamperes, allowing the user to read the measured current directly. Some microammeters also have a built-in shunt resistor that allows them to measure higher currents by diverting a portion of the current away from the coil.

Microammeters are used in various applications, such as testing and troubleshooting electronic circuits, measuring the current consumption of low-power devices, and verifying the functionality of components like transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. They are particularly useful when working with delicate and low-power circuits where even small changes in current can have a significant impact.

In recent years, digital multimeters (DMMs) have become more popular due to their versatility and ability to measure various quantities, including current, voltage, and resistance. However, microammeters are still valued for their precision in measuring low currents and their simplicity in design and operation.